Krishna, (Sanskrit Krsna "black"), one of the most widely revered and most popular of all Indian divinities, is worshipped as the eighth incarnation (or avatara) of the Hindu god Vishnu and also as a supreme god in his own right. Krishna became the focus of numerous devotiona cults, which have over the centuries produced a wealth of religious poetry, music, and painting.

        The basic sources of Krishna’s mythology are the epic Mahabharata and its 5th-century-AD appendix, the Harivamsha, and the Puranas. They relate how Krishna was born into the Yadava clan, the son of Vasudeva and Devaki, who was the sister of Kamsa, a wicked king. Kamsa heard a prophecy that he would be destroyed by Devaki’s child, tried to slay her children, but Krishna was smuggled  to Gokula (or modernVraja), where he was raised by the leader of the cowherds, Nanda, and his wife Yashoda.  

     The child Krishna was adored for his mischievous pranks. He also performed many miracles and slew demons. As a youth, the cowherd Krishna became renowned as a lover, the sound of his flute prompting the gopis (wives and daughters of the cowherds) to leave their homes to dance ecstatically with him in the moonlight. His favourite among them was the beautiful Radha. At length, Krishna and his brother slew the wicked Kamsa. Afterward,  Krishna  established his court at Dvaraka.. He married the princess Rukmini and took other wives as well.

     Krishna refused to bear arms in the great war between the Kauravas  and the Pandavas, but he offered a choice of his personal attendance to one side and the loan of his army to the other. The Pandavas chose the former, and Krishna thus served as charioteer for Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers. One day as he sat sat in the forest, a huntsman, mistaking him for a deer, shot him in his one vulnerable spot, the heel, killing him.

     Krishna’s personality is clearly a composite one, though the different elements are not easily separated. Vasudeva-Krishna was deified by the 5th century AD. The cowherd Krishna was probably the god of a pastoral community. The Krishna who emerged from the blending of these figures was ultimately identified with the supreme god Vishnu-Narayana and, hence, considered his avatar. Krishna’s youthful dalliances with the gopis are interpreted as symbolic of the loving interplay between God and the human soul.

    The rich variety of legends associated with Krishna’s life led to an abundance of representation in painting and sculpture. The child Krishna is depicted crawling on his hands and knees or dancing with joy, a ball of butter held in his hands. The divine lover—the most common representation—is shown playing the flute, surrounded by adoring gopis. In 17th- and 18th-century Rajasthani and Pahari painting, Krishna is characteristically depicted with blue-black skin, wearing a yellow loincloth and a crown of peacock feathers.